Elaeagnus

Scientific Name: Elaeagnus spp.
Common Names: Elaeagnus, Silverberry, Russian Olive (though this name can also refer to a different species, Elaeagnus angustifolia)
Native to: Asia, Europe, and parts of North America (depending on species)
Lighting Requirements: Full sun to partial shade
Height: 6 to 12 feet (depending on species and variety)
Width: 6 to 12 feet (depending on species and variety)
Winter Look: Evergreen to semi-evergreen; silver-gray foliage with a slightly leathery texture
Seasonal Interest: Silvery foliage year-round; small, fragrant flowers in late fall or early winter, followed by silver or reddish-orange berries
Drought Tolerance: High; very drought-tolerant once established
Soil Requirements: Well-drained soil; tolerates poor, dry, or rocky soils
pH Range: 6.0 to 7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
Hardiness Zones: 7 to 9 (depending on species and variety)
Deer Resistance: High resistant
Attracts: Birds (berries), bees, and other pollinators
Potential Issues: Susceptible to aphids, scale, and rust diseases; may become invasive in some regions
Notes: Elaeagnus is well-suited for Central Texas, particularly in hot, dry, and rocky conditions. It is highly drought-tolerant and thrives in poor soils. Prefers full sun but can tolerate some shade. While it is a low-maintenance shrub, periodic pruning is necessary to control size and shape. Its silvery, attractive foliage provides year-round interest, and its small, fragrant flowers attract pollinators. However, be cautious with some species, as they may spread aggressively in certain landscapes.

The Elaeagnus most commonly sold in Central Texas gets quite large and, in my opinion, is best used as a specimen plant with minimal trimming. This is, of course, if you have the space to host such a large plant.

Common Varieties for Central Texas:

1. Elaeagnus pungens (Thornless Elaeagnus, Silverthorn)

   • Evergreen shrub with glossy, dark green leaves and silvery undersides, producing fragrant flowers in fall and red-orange berries in winter.

   • Excellent for hedges, privacy screens, or as an ornamental shrub.

2. Elaeagnus ebbingei (Ebbing’s Elaeagnus)

   • This variety is similar to Elaeagnus pungens but slightly more cold-tolerant. It offers silvery-green leaves and fragrant flowers, making it a good choice for year-round interest.