Pecan

Pecan Overview

Scientific Name: Carya illinoinensis
Common Names: Pecan
Native to: Central and South United States, parts of Northern Mexico
Lighting Requirements: Full sun
Height: 60–100 feet
Width: 40–75 feet
Winter Look: Deciduous; sheds its leaves in fall
Seasonal Interest: Attractive, compound leaves that turn yellow in fall; produces edible, sweet nuts in fall
Drought Tolerance: Moderate; moderately drought-tolerant once established, but prefers regular moisture for optimal nut production
Soil Requirements: Well-drained, fertile soil; prefers deep, moist soils, especially along riverbanks or in floodplains
pH Range: 6.0–7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
Hardiness Zones: USDA Zones 6–9
Deer Resistance: Low to moderate; deer may browse the young trees or nuts, but they are generally not the tree’s primary food source
Attracts: Birds, squirrels, and other wildlife (nuts)
Potential Issues: Susceptible to pests like pecan weevil and hickory shuckworm
Notes: Pecan is the state tree of Texas and a beloved native tree, well-known for its edible nuts harvested in the fall. It’s a large, deciduous tree often found in fertile bottomlands and riverbanks. Pecan trees are typically used in ornamental and productive landscapes, especially in orchards. While they provide shade and beauty, they require ample space and time to reach full production. Pecan trees thrive in moist, well-drained soils and perform best when watered regularly during dry periods. Regular maintenance to control pests and diseases is essential for healthy nut production.

Pollination Information
Pecan trees are monoecious, meaning each tree has both male and female reproductive organs. However, for optimal nut production, they require cross-pollination between different trees. The male flowers appear as long catkins that release pollen in the spring, while the female flowers are small and found at the tips of new growth. 

Pecan trees are primarily wind-pollinated. Since the male and female flowers mature at different times, it is crucial to plant varieties that bloom concurrently to facilitate effective cross-pollination. This practice enhances both the yield and quality of the nuts. Some varieties, such as Desirable and Pawnee, are partially self-pollinating but still benefit from cross-pollination with other varieties to improve productivity. 

To achieve the best results, it is recommended to plant at least two or more different varieties within 50 to 100 feet of each other. Pollination is most effective when the varieties have overlapping bloom periods. In Texas, pecan trees generally flower from March to April, depending on the weather and specific variety.